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Apitoxin or bee venom is the venom produced by the honey bee. It is a Cytotoxicity and Hemotoxin bitter colorless liquid containing , which may produce local inflammation. It may have similarities to sea nettle toxin.
The main component is melittin, which amounts to 52% of venom peptides. One of the main allergens is phospholipase A2, which amounts to 12% and is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids, causing degradation of cell membranes. Adolapin contributes 2–5% of the peptides. Further protein components include apamin (2%), a neurotoxin, hyaluronidase (2%), which dilates blood vessels, increasing their permeability and facilitating the spread of the venom, MCD peptide (2%), tertiapin, and secapin.UniProt , , , , , . Small molecules in bee venom include histamine (0.1–1%), dopamine and noradrenaline.
Bee venom is also considered ineffective for the treatment or prevention of cancer, with no clinical studies to date supporting such effects. (2025). 9780944235713, American Cancer Society. ISBN 9780944235713 According to the American Cancer Society, there is no scientific evidence that apitherapy or bee venom therapy can treat or change the course of cancer or any other disease. have shown that apitherapy is ineffective in treating multiple sclerosis or any other disease, and can exacerbate multiple sclerosis symptoms.
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